The UNESCO Laurisilva Forest in Madeira is a captivating natural wonder, home to a diverse array of flora and fauna found nowhere else in the world. From its fascinating history to the unique species that inhabit its landscapes, there is much to discover and explore within this enchanting forest. By taking part in levada walks and hiking trails, visitors can immerse themselves in the forest's beauty while supporting sustainable tourism practices that contribute to the ongoing conservation of this World Heritage Site.
The Laurisilva Forest is a relic of the Tertiary period, dating back over 15 million years. This subtropical rainforest once covered vast areas of the Mediterranean basin, but today, only a few remnants can be found, with Madeira hosting the largest and best-preserved area.
In 1999, UNESCO declared Madeira’s Laurisilva Forest a World Heritage Site due to its exceptional biological diversity and outstanding beauty. The forest is a living testimony to the island’s unique flora and fauna, with many endemic species that are not found anywhere else in the world.
The Laurisilva Forest is home to an astonishing array of plant and animal species. The forest is dominated by laurel trees (Laurus novocanariensis), which give the forest its name. Other common tree species include the Madeira mahogany (Persea indica) and the Canary Islands juniper (Juniperus cedrus).
Many unique bird species call the forest home, such as the Madeira firecrest (Regulus madeirensis), the Trocaz pigeon (Columba trocaz), and the elusive Zino’s petrel (Pterodroma madeira). These birds, along with many endemic species of butterflies, beetles, and other
invertebrates, create a vibrant and diverse ecosystem that is truly fascinating to observe.
One of the best ways to experience the Laurisilva Forest is by taking a walk along Madeira’s famous levadas. These historic irrigation channels, built in the 16th century, wind their way through the forest, providing an extensive network of walking paths that allow visitors to explore the area’s enchanting landscapes.
For more adventurous hikers, there are several challenging trails that explore different parts of the Laurisilva Forest, such as the PR1 Vereda do Areeiro and the PR9 Levada do Central da Ribeira da Janela. These trails offer stunning panoramic views and the opportunity to experience the forest’s diverse landscapes, from dense foliage to open ridges.
As a UNESCO World Heritage Site, conservation efforts in the Laurisilva Forest are of the utmost importance. The Madeira Natural Park, which encompasses the forest, works diligently to preserve the area’s unique ecosystems and promote sustainable tourism practices. Visitors are encouraged to stay on marked trails, respect the fragile environment, and support local businesses to ensure the long-term preservation of this incredible natural treasure.
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